Branding has evolved as a primary priority for management during the previous 20 years. According to Keller and Lehmann (2006), it is one of a firm's most valuable intangible assets. Branding encompasses years of advertising, goodwill, product quality, appraisal, experience, and other market aspects associated with the product. Branding involves creating meaning, metaphors, and myths associated with products to help customers define their personal identities in relation to product benefits and culture (Heding, Knudtzen & Bjerre, 2008). Branding and brand management aim to differentiate and build customer preferences for a product or service, resulting in competitive advantage and revenues (Knox and Bickerton, 2003; Keller, 2009). According to Louro & Chuna (2001), managerial and academic viewpoints on brand roles and value for firms have evolved significantly since their inception.
Kapferer explains that organizations adopt branding strategies
To position their products and identify them with positive features and benefits. According to De Chernatony and McDonald (2003), the purpose of brand marketing is to maximize sales profitability by creating brand awareness, trust, and confidence among potential customers. According to Barney (1991), the resource-based view explains how brands and their management can lead to long-term competitive advantage.Brands have the capacity to produce long-term improved performance (Hall 1993; Barney and Hesterly 1996). According to Kotler and Pfoertsch (2006), brands play a crucial role in a holistic marketing strategy, offering additional value to differentiate from competitors in highly competitive global markets with price pressure. Barwise and Robertson (1992) found that powerful brands build leverage and loyalty among consumers, leading to higher prices, better distribution, and improved income through long-term brand loyalty and repeat purchases. Branding principles are necessary to build an effective brand campaign.Strong brands meet Barney's (1991) criteria for recognizing key resources and talents. Strong brands are valuable because they allow firms to explore opportunities and mitigate environmental threats. They are also rare among competitors, costly to imitate, and lack close strategic substitutes. Brands help organizations implement differentiation-based positioning strategies and improve marketing efficiency through economies of scale (Ambler and Styles, 1995).
According to Keller brand aspects serve to identify raise awareness and create
Unique associations that differentiate the brand. Brand aspects define a brand's visual identity. Key brand aspects include logos, names, slogans, and brand tales. Kotler and Pfoertsch (2006) suggest that the visual identity reflects the underlying brand identity and should be carefully controlled to ensure consistency and sustainability. Keller (2008) splits six general requirements for brand aspects into two categories. Brand elements can play aggressive or defensive roles, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. To increase brand equity on the offensive side, brand aspects should be distinctive, original, and easy to recall. Second, brand aspects should be significant to support descriptive and convincing content. Descriptive meaning refers to customers' capacity to recognize and identify the appropriate product category. Therefore, the descriptive dimension influences brand awareness. Persuasive branding elements shape brand image and positioning. According to Keller (2008), the final offensive factor is likability, which takes into account aesthetic appeals such as brand style and motifs. To sustain brand equity on the defensive side, brand elements should be transferable in scope (Wernerfelt 1988). This reduces the danger of improvement or development. Additionally, it's crucial for the brand to convey that its stakeholders are invested in it. Without differentiation, a brand may face market factors including price competition and homogenous products (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000). The authors created "the brand identity planning model" as a tool for understanding, developing, and applying brand identity concepts.
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