Synchronization during recent eras of increased integration. The results shed light on possible causes. Trade integration leads to increased synchronization, but weakens the synchronization of Canadian consumption with the US economy. If the US economy is the primary source of disruption for the Canadian economy, this might be interpreted as a sign of increased financial integration. This suggests that the lack of evidence of globalization observed by Kose, Otrok, and Whiteman may be due to the competing effects of integration on economies and businesses.This section focuses on simple relationships between nine industry categories in Canada and the US. This article outlines the links between industry components of the Canadian and US economies, including the impact of shared sector and.
Previous research highlights the significance of industry sectors in understanding worldwide.
Business cycles. The level of integration across countries and the impact of sector and national/regional shocks are key considerations. According to Clark and Shin (2000), as regions or countries integrate more, sector-specific shocks become more important. Given Canada and the United States' substantial integration, we anticipate sector-specific shocks to be significant. Our study helps determine their significance. Another factor contributing to business cycle synchronization is manufacturing specialization. According to Imbs (2004), countries with comparable production patterns tend to be highly correlated due to common shocks or responses to them. This report compares cycle synchronization between Canada with the United States.Previously, we used annual growth rates to track cyclical behavior in each industry.16 At a coarse level, there are nine sectors: agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing (AFF), mining and quarrying (MQ), total manufacturing (MAN), electricity, gas, and water supply (EGW), construction (CON), wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels (WRT), transport and storage and communication (TSC), finance, insurance, real estate, and business services (FIR), and community social and personal services (CS). The nine sectors in two countries provide 18 time series and 153 correlation pairings. summarizes the mean, range, and extreme correlation pairs. This is done for the entire sample and two subsamples that roughly divide it in half. The correlation pairs appear to have a stable distribution, as their means and ranges are consistent across samples.
Surprisingly, the highest correlations in all samples are cross-border, whereas the lowest.
Correlations are withThe lack of a border impact in industry correlations indicates significant integration between the two economies. It also shows that nation-specific characteristics are not particularly relevant.In Table 5, we deconstruct relationships using a dummy-variable regression model to find potential effects. The first set of dummy variables examines correlation levels within specific countries. We identify sector linkages in Canada and the United States. Country-specific shocks, including monetary and fiscal policy, productivity, and supply shocks, should have a favorable impact on projected correlation. The two country effects decompose the within-country measure used in the first section of the table, resulting in different effects inside the US and Canada.Significantly impacts the business cycles of both economies. Canada and the United States differ from typical national economies in that they are more affected by nation-specific shocks than common industry-based shocks on an international scale (Clark and Shin, 2000). The absence of a border impact allows Canada and the US to operate as two integrated areas within a larger economy in terms of business cycles. The lack of a border effect can provide valuable insights into the impact of integration on national economies. Canada and the United States have strong integration across multiple dimensions. The country has high levels of bilateral trade, financial markets, and direct investment compared to most other countries.
The currency rate between Canada and the United States is relatively steady over short.
Periods of time. The two countries share similarities in non-economic aspects, including language and judicial systems. The two countries are a good example of what countries might expect from integration, short of full political and economic union, in terms of synchronization. They may provide a more accurate example than regional analysis. The results here support Clark and Shin's (2000) argument that greater integration of national economies leads to greater synchronization and a reliance on sector-specific shocks.Two out of three samples were collected in Canada. Additionally, mining and agriculture, two of Canada's export sectors, have a substantial negative correlation. The upcoming thorough investigation of correlation patterns aims to address these difficulties. national shocks, as well as the interaction between tradable and nontradable sectors. Recent studies have shown the importance of sector interactions in the propagation of business cycles within a country. Examining sector relationships across borders is a natural extension of this research. For information on Canada, read Barillas and Schleicher (2003).
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